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Equity

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Equity is essentially how much the company is worth. It's the value of 100% stake in the company.

Common stock represents stockholder ownership in the company through the purchase of stock.

AccountIn relation to a lemonade stand...
Common StockBusiness has been booming, so you issue 100 shares of stock to raise more capital for expansion.

Dividends are when a company pays shareholders back a share of profits.

AccountIn relation to a lemonade stand...
DividendsOut of your profits for the year, you issue $1,000 in dividends to shareholders.

Retained earnings represents the net income kept by a company after they have paid their stockholders dividends

AccountIn relation to a lemonade stand...
Retained EarningsOut of $10,000 in net income, you issued $1,000 in dividends, leaving you with $9,000 in retained earnings.
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